How do I know what is the cause of my infertility?

In general 1/3rd of the cases are due to male factor, 1/3rd are due to female factor and the rest are unexplained. A thorough history taking and comprehensive analysis of both the partners by blood tests, hormonal assays, ultrasonogram and semen analysis of the male partner are the basic requirements. Depending on necessity further investigations like genetic karyotyping, or procedures like laparoscopy/hysteroscopy (Diagnostic/therapeutic) may be advised.

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What kind of diet should I follow during pregnancy?

Eating for two doesn’t mean eating twice as much food. Pregnant women need about 300 extra calories a day. It’s important to eat a variety of different foods every day to get the right balance of nutrients that you and your baby need.

• Eat small frequent meals

• Eat foods that are rich in protein like eggs, pulses, grains, meat etc.

• Include generous servings of fresh fruits, vegetables and sprouts

• Consume foods rich in iron such as green leafy vegetables, jaggery, beans, groundnuts, ragi,   lean red meat etc. and calcium rich foods like milk, curds,

paneer.

• Make sure your diet contains enough fibre.

• Drink about atleast 2-3 liters of fluids daily.

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What vaccines do teens need?

• Tetanus–diphtheria–pertussis (Tdap) booster

• Hepatitis B virus vaccine

• Measles–mumps–rubella vaccine

• Human papillomavirus vaccine (cervical cancer vaccine)

• Optional vaccines- influenza vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, chicken pox vaccine.

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How will I feel during my pregnancy?

Every pregnancy is different and you may experience all, some or none of these signs.
• Feeling very tired
• Feeling sick and vomiting
• Changes in your breasts
• Passing urine more often
• Increased vaginal discharge
• Losing interest in certain foods or drinks that you previously enjoyed food. You may also start to crave certain foods due to the hormonal changes.

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Sleeping Gestures of the Baby...!

Newborns typically sleep for periods of 2-4 hours with total of 16 to 20 hrs during a day. The digestive system of babies is so small that they need nourishment every few hours and should be awakened if they haven't been fed for 4 hours (or more frequently if your doctor is concerned about weight gain). Like adults, babies must develop their own sleep patterns and cycles, so if your newborn is gaining weight and appears healthy, don't despair if he or she hasn't slept through the night. It's important to place babies on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. In addition, remove all extra bedding to ensure that your baby doesn't get tangled in them or suffocate. Also be sure to alternate the position of your baby's head from night to night (first right, then left, and so on) to prevent the development of a flat spot on one side of the head.

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What are the tests I need to undergo during pregnancy?

There are certain blood tests and ultrasound that will be offered to you during your pregnancy. When you have your first antenatal visit, it is usual for your doctor  to offer a series of tests including complete blood picture, urine examination, viral screening, thyroid  hormone etc. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is usually done between 24 – 28 weeks of pregnancy. It screens women for diabetes during pregnancy (gestationaldiabetes)

Ultrasound

• A scan to confirm your pregnancy at around 7 weeks.
• Another scan called NT scan between 11 and 14 weeks of your pregnancy. This will estimate when your baby is due and measure the fluid under the skin at the back of your baby’s neck.
• A ‘foetal anomaly’ scan between 18-22 weeks. This scan looks for the presence of physical abnormalities in the baby.
• Fetal well being scan in the later part of pregnancy to see the growth of baby and fluid around the baby.
The above are the basic essential scans every  pregnant mother should have. Your doctor  may ask you for an extra scan as and when needed.

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Breast feeding is natural and a good start to your baby

Breast milk has all the nutrients your baby needs. It’s fresh, clean, always ready at the right temperature, and it costs much less than formula. Breast milk is more easily digested than formula; it protects against diarrhea and infections; and breastfed babies are generally sick less often than formula-fed babies Exclusive breastfeeding (no other fluids) for atleast six months is beneficial to your baby, but the longer you breastfeed the better it is for your baby and you.

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How to handle "New Born Babies"?

Handling a Newborn

Wash your hands (or use a hand sanitizer) before handling your baby. Newborns don't have a strong immune system yet, so they are susceptible to infection. Make sure that everyone who handles your baby has clean hands.
• Be careful to support your baby's head and neck. Cradle the head when carrying your baby and support the head when carrying the baby upright or when you lay your baby down.
• Remember that your newborn is not ready for rough play, such as being thrown in the air

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What is infertility? When should I start worrying if I am unable to conceive?

When a couple is unable to conceive at least once after 1 year of unprotected intercourse they are said to be infertile. Evaluation for infertility should start earlier i.e. after 6 months only if the woman is 35 years of age.

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What is a vaccine? How do vaccines work?

Vaccines are made with a tiny amount of dead or weakened germs. They help the immune system learn how to protect itself against disease. Vaccines are a safe and effective way to keep your child from getting very sick from the real disease.


The dead or weakened germs in vaccines help your child's immune system to make two important tools: antibodies and immune memory.Together,these tools will help your child recognize and fight off the germs if exposed to them in the future. Most children are fully protected after they are vaccinated. This means that they will never get serious vaccine-preventable diseases. In rare cases, children who are immunized can still get the disease because they only get partial protection from the vaccine. They may develop mild symptoms if they are exposed to a disease, but will not suffer serious complications.

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What is antenatal care? When to start antenatal care?

Antenatal care is the care you receive from healthcare professionals during your pregnancy. When
you first learn that you're pregnant, get in touch with a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and
birth (obstetrician) as soon as possible. Regular checks during your pregnancy can assist in
identifying and reducing risks to either you or your baby. Antenatal visits also give you a chance to
ask any questions and to talk about any issues that you are unsure about.

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